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vlmcsd.8.dos.txt
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@@ -52,46 +52,54 @@ OPTIONS
Displays help.
-V Displays extended version information. This includes the com‐
piler used to build vlmcsd, the intended platform and flags
(compile time options) to build vlmcsd. If you have the source
code of vlmcsd, you can type make help (or gmake help on systems
that do not use the GNU version of make(1) by default) to see
the meaning of those flags.
-L ipaddress[:port]
Instructs vlmcsd to listen on ipaddress with optional port
(default 1688). You can use this option more than once. If you
Instructs vlmcsd to listen on ipaddress with optional port
(default 1688). You can use this option more than once. If you
do not specify -L at least once, IP addresses 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and
:: (IPv6) are used. If the IP address contains colons (IPv6) you
must enclose the IP address in brackets if you specify the
must enclose the IP address in brackets if you specify the
optional port, e.g. [2001:db8::dead:beef]:1688.
If no port is specified, vlmcsd uses the default port according
to a preceding -P option. If you specify a port, it can be a
number (1-65535) or a name (usually found in /etc/services if
If no port is specified, vlmcsd uses the default port according
to a preceding -P option. If you specify a port, it can be a
number (1-65535) or a name (usually found in /etc/services if
not provided via LDAP, NIS+ or another name service).
If you specify a link local IPv6 address (fe80::/10, usually
If you specify a link local IPv6 address (fe80::/10, usually
starting with fe80::), it must be followed by a percent sign (%)
and a scope id (=network interface name or number) on most
unixoid OSses including Linux, Android, MacOS X and iOS, e.g.
and a scope id (=network interface name or number) on most
unixoid OSses including Linux, Android, MacOS X and iOS, e.g.
fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%eth0 or
[fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%2]:1688. Windows (including cygwin)
does not require a scope id unless the same link local address
is used on more than one network interface. Windows does not
[fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%2]:1688. Windows (including cygwin)
does not require a scope id unless the same link local address
is used on more than one network interface. Windows does not
accept a name and the scope id must be a number.
-P port
Use TCP port for all subsequent -L statements that do not
Use TCP port for all subsequent -L statements that do not
include an optional port. If you use -P and -L, -P must be spec‐
ified before -L.
-4 and -6
Used to control the use of IPv4 and IPv4 if you did not use -L.
If you specify both -4 and -6 or none, vlmcsd uses both proto‐
cols. If you specify only one, that protocol will be used only.
These options are deprecated and will be removed.
-I This option is deprecated and does nothing. It is provided for
compatibility with svn681 and earlier versions only. It will be
removed in a future release.
-F0 and -F1
Allow (-F1) or disallow (-F0) binding to IP addresses that are
currently not configured on your system. The default is -F0. -F1
allows you to bind to an IP address that may be configured after
you started vlmcsd. vlmcsd will listen on that address as soon
as it becomes available. This feature is only available under
Linux (IPv4 and IPv6) and FreeBSD (IPv4 only). FreeBSD allows
this feature only for the root user (more correctly: processes
that have the PRIV_NETINET_BINDANY privilege). Linux does not
require a capability for this.
-t seconds
@@ -181,60 +189,54 @@ OPTIONS
often combined with -D.
-f This flag combines -D and -e. So typing "vlmcsd -f" is identical
to "vlmcsd -De". The purpose of -f is to provide compatibility
with previous versions of vlmcsd. This option is deprecated and
will be removed.
-v Use verbose logging. Logs every parameter of the base request
and the base response. It also logs the HWID of the KMS server
if KMS protocol version 6 is used. This option is mainly for
debugging purposes. It only has an effect if some form of log‐
ging is used. Thus -v does not make sense if not used with -l,
-v Use verbose logging. Logs every parameter of the base request
and the base response. It also logs the HWID of the KMS server
if KMS protocol version 6 is used. This option is mainly for
debugging purposes. It only has an effect if some form of log‐
ging is used. Thus -v does not make sense if not used with -l,
-e or -f.
-q Do not use verbose logging. This is actually the default behav‐
-q Do not use verbose logging. This is actually the default behav‐
ior. It only makes sense if you use vlmcsd with an ini file (see
-i and vlmcsd.ini(5)). If the ini file contains the line
-i and vlmcsd.ini(5)). If the ini file contains the line
"LogVerbose = true" you can use -q to restore the default behav‐
ior.
-p filename
Create pid file filename. This has nothing to do with KMS ePIDs.
A pid file is a file where vlmcsd writes its own process id.
This is used by standard init scripts (typically found in
A pid file is a file where vlmcsd writes its own process id.
This is used by standard init scripts (typically found in
/etc/init.d). The default is not to write a pid file.
-u user and -g group
Causes vlmcsd to run in the specified user and group security
context. The main purpose for this is to drop root privileges
after it has been started from the root account. To use this
feature from cygwin you must run cyglsa-config and the account
from which vlmcsd is started must have the rights "Act as part
of the operating system" and "Replace a process level token".
Causes vlmcsd to run in the specified user and group security
context. The main purpose for this is to drop root privileges
after it has been started from the root account. To use this
feature from cygwin you must run cyglsa-config and the account
from which vlmcsd is started must have the rights "Act as part
of the operating system" and "Replace a process level token".
The native Windows version does not support these options.
The actual security context switch is performed after the TCP
sockets have been created. This allows you to use privileged
The actual security context switch is performed after the TCP
sockets have been created. This allows you to use privileged
ports (< 1024) when you start vlmcsd from the root account.
However if you use an ini, pid or log file, you must ensure that
the unprivileged user has access to these files. You can always
log to syslog(3) from an unprivileged account on most platforms
the unprivileged user has access to these files. You can always
log to syslog(3) from an unprivileged account on most platforms
(see -l).
-w ePID
Use ePID as Windows ePID. If specified, -r is disregarded for
Use ePID as Windows ePID. If specified, -r is disregarded for
Windows.
-0 ePID
Use ePID as Office 2010 ePID (including Project and Visio). If
Use ePID as Office 2010 ePID (including Project and Visio). If
specified, -r is disregarded for Office 2010.
@@ -244,14 +246,14 @@ OPTIONS
-H HwId
Use HwId for all products. All HWIDs in the ini file (see -i)
Use HwId for all products. All HWIDs in the ini file (see -i)
will not be used. In an ini file you can specify a seperate HWID
for each application-guid. This is not possible when entering a
for each application-guid. This is not possible when entering a
HWID from the command line.
HwId must be specified as 16 hex digits that are interpreted as
a series of 8 bytes (big endian). Any character that is not a
hex digit will be ignored. This is for better readability. The
HwId must be specified as 16 hex digits that are interpreted as
a series of 8 bytes (big endian). Any character that is not a
hex digit will be ignored. This is for better readability. The
following commands are identical:
vlmcsd -H 0123456789ABCDEF
@@ -260,14 +262,14 @@ OPTIONS
-i filename
Use configuration file (aka ini file) filename. Most configura‐
Use configuration file (aka ini file) filename. Most configura‐
tion parameters can be set either via the command line or an ini
file. The command line always has precedence over configuration
items in the ini file. See vlmcsd.ini(5) for the format of the
file. The command line always has precedence over configuration
items in the ini file. See vlmcsd.ini(5) for the format of the
configuration file.
If vlmcsd has been compiled to use a default configuration file
(often /etc/vlmcsd.ini), you may use -i- to ignore the default
If vlmcsd has been compiled to use a default configuration file
(often /etc/vlmcsd.ini), you may use -i- to ignore the default
configuration file.
@@ -280,118 +282,118 @@ OPTIONS
- the file specified by -i does not contain the application-guid
for the KMS request
-r0 means there are no random ePIDs. vlmcsd simply issues
default ePIDs that are built into the binary at compile time.
Pro: behaves like real KMS server that also always issues the
same ePID. Con: Microsoft may start blacklisting again and the
-r0 means there are no random ePIDs. vlmcsd simply issues
default ePIDs that are built into the binary at compile time.
Pro: behaves like real KMS server that also always issues the
same ePID. Con: Microsoft may start blacklisting again and the
default ePID may not work any longer.
-r1 instructs vlmcsd to generate random ePIDs when the program
-r1 instructs vlmcsd to generate random ePIDs when the program
starts or receives a SIGHUP signal and uses these ePIDs until it
is stopped or receives another SIGHUP. Most other KMS emulators
generate a new ePID on every KMS request. This is easily
is stopped or receives another SIGHUP. Most other KMS emulators
generate a new ePID on every KMS request. This is easily
detectable. Microsoft could just modify sppsvc.exe in a way that
it always sends two identical KMS requests in two RPC requests
but over the same TCP connection. If both KMS responses contain
the different ePIDs, the KMS server is not genuine. -r1 is the
default mode. -r1 also ensures that all three ePIDs (Windows,
Office 2010 and Office 2013) use the same OS build number and
it always sends two identical KMS requests in two RPC requests
but over the same TCP connection. If both KMS responses contain
the different ePIDs, the KMS server is not genuine. -r1 is the
default mode. -r1 also ensures that all three ePIDs (Windows,
Office 2010 and Office 2013) use the same OS build number and
LCID (language id).
If vlmcsd has been started by an internet superserver, -r1 works
identically to -r2. This is simply due to the fact that vlmcsd
identically to -r2. This is simply due to the fact that vlmcsd
is started upon a connection request and does not stay in memory
after servicing a KMS request.
-r2 behaves like most other KMS server emulators with random
support and generates a new random ePID on every request. Use
this mode with "care". However since Microsoft currently does
-r2 behaves like most other KMS server emulators with random
support and generates a new random ePID on every request. Use
this mode with "care". However since Microsoft currently does
not seem to do any verification of the ePID, you currently don't
need to pay attention to ePIDs at all.
-C LCID
Do not randomize the locale id part of the ePID and use LCID
instead. The LCID must be specified as a decimal number, e.g.
1049 for "Russian - Russia". This option has no effect if the
ePID is not randomized at all, e.g. if it is selected from the
Do not randomize the locale id part of the ePID and use LCID
instead. The LCID must be specified as a decimal number, e.g.
1049 for "Russian - Russia". This option has no effect if the
ePID is not randomized at all, e.g. if it is selected from the
command line or an ini file.
By default vlmcsd generates a valid locale id that is recognized
by .NET Framework 4.0. This may lead to a locale id which is
by .NET Framework 4.0. This may lead to a locale id which is
unlikely to occur in your country, for instance 2155 for "Quecha
- Ecuador". You may want to select the locale id of your country
instead. See MSDN ⟨http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/
bb964664.aspx⟩ for a list of valid LCIDs. Please note that some
bb964664.aspx⟩ for a list of valid LCIDs. Please note that some
of them are not recognized by .NET Framework 4.0.
Most other KMS emulators use a fixed LCID of 1033 (English -
Most other KMS emulators use a fixed LCID of 1033 (English -
US). To achive the same behavior in vlmcsd use -C 1033.
-R renewal-interval
Instructs clients to renew activation every renewal-interval.
Instructs clients to renew activation every renewal-interval.
The renewal-interval is a number optionally immediately followed
by a letter indicating the unit. Valid unit letters are s (sec‐
by a letter indicating the unit. Valid unit letters are s (sec‐
onds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days) and w (weeks). If you do
not specify a letter, minutes is assumed.
-R3d for instance instructs clients to renew activation every 3
-R3d for instance instructs clients to renew activation every 3
days. The default renewal-interval is 10080 (identical to 7d and
1w).
Due to poor implementation of Microsofts KMS Client it cannot be
guaranteed that activation is renewed on time as specfied by the
-R option. Don't care about that. Renewal will happen well
-R option. Don't care about that. Renewal will happen well
before your activation expires (usually 180 days).
Even though you can specify seconds, the granularity of this
option is 1 minute. Seconds are rounded down to the next multi‐
Even though you can specify seconds, the granularity of this
option is 1 minute. Seconds are rounded down to the next multi‐
ple of 60.
-A activation-interval
Instructs clients to retry activation every activation-interval
if it was unsuccessful, e.g. because it could not reach the
server. The default is 120 (identical to 2h). activation-inter‐
val follows the same syntax as renewal-interval in the -R
Instructs clients to retry activation every activation-interval
if it was unsuccessful, e.g. because it could not reach the
server. The default is 120 (identical to 2h). activation-inter‐
val follows the same syntax as renewal-interval in the -R
option.
-s Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service. This option only works
with the native Windows version and Cygwin. Combine -s with
other command line options. These will be in effect when you
start the service. The service automatically starts when you
reboot your machine. To start it manually, type "net start vlm‐
-s Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service. This option only works
with the native Windows version and Cygwin. Combine -s with
other command line options. These will be in effect when you
start the service. The service automatically starts when you
reboot your machine. To start it manually, type "net start vlm‐
csd".
If you use Cygwin, you must include your Cygwin system DLL
directory (usually C:\Cygwin\bin or C:\Cygwin64\bin) into the
If you use Cygwin, you must include your Cygwin system DLL
directory (usually C:\Cygwin\bin or C:\Cygwin64\bin) into the
PATH environment variable or the service will not start.
You can reinstall the service anytime using vlmcsd -s again,
e.g. with a different command line. If the service is running,
You can reinstall the service anytime using vlmcsd -s again,
e.g. with a different command line. If the service is running,
it will be restarted with the new command line.
When using -s the command line is checked for basic syntax
When using -s the command line is checked for basic syntax
errors only. For example "vlmcsd -s -L 1.2.3.4" reports no error
but the service will not start if 1.2.3.4 is not an IP address
but the service will not start if 1.2.3.4 is not an IP address
on your system.
-S Uninstalls the vlmcsd service. Works only with the native Win‐
dows version and Cygwin. All other options will be ignored if
-S Uninstalls the vlmcsd service. Works only with the native Win‐
dows version and Cygwin. All other options will be ignored if
you include -S in the command line.
-U [domain\]username
Can only be used together with -s. Starts the service as a dif‐
ferent user than the local SYSTEM account. This is used to run
the service under an account with low privileges. If you omit
Can only be used together with -s. Starts the service as a dif‐
ferent user than the local SYSTEM account. This is used to run
the service under an account with low privileges. If you omit
the domain, an account from the local computer will be used.
You may use "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService". This is a pseudo user
with low privileges. You may also use "NT AUTHORITY\LocalSer‐
with low privileges. You may also use "NT AUTHORITY\LocalSer‐
vice" which has more privileges but these are of no use for run‐
ning vlmcsd.
@@ -399,20 +401,20 @@ OPTIONS
sion for your executable. "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" normally
has no permission to run binaries from your home directory.
For your convenience you can use the special username "/l" as a
For your convenience you can use the special username "/l" as a
shortcut for "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" and "/n" for "NT
AUTHORITY\NetworkService". "vlmcsd -s -U /n" installs the ser‐
AUTHORITY\NetworkService". "vlmcsd -s -U /n" installs the ser‐
vice to run as "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService".
-W password
Can only be used together with -s. Specifies a password for the
corresponding username you use with -U. SYSTEM, "NT AUTHOR‐
ITY\NetworkService", "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" do not require
Can only be used together with -s. Specifies a password for the
corresponding username you use with -U. SYSTEM, "NT AUTHOR‐
ITY\NetworkService", "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" do not require
a password.
If you specify a user with even lower privileges than "NT
AUTHORITY\NetworkService", you must specify its password. You
If you specify a user with even lower privileges than "NT
AUTHORITY\NetworkService", you must specify its password. You
also have to grant the "Log on as a service" right to that user.
@@ -421,50 +423,50 @@ SIGNALS
SIGTERM, SIGINT
These signals cause vlmcsd to exit gracefully. All global sema‐
phores and shared memory pages will be released, the pid file
will be unlinked (deleted) and a shutdown message will be
These signals cause vlmcsd to exit gracefully. All global sema‐
phores and shared memory pages will be released, the pid file
will be unlinked (deleted) and a shutdown message will be
logged.
SIGHUP Causes vlmcsd to be restarted completely. This is useful if you
started vlmcsd with an ini file. You can modify the ini file
while vlmcsd is running and then sending SIGHUP, e.g. by typing
"killall -SIGHUP vlmcsd" or "kill -SIGHUP `cat /var/run/vlm‐
SIGHUP Causes vlmcsd to be restarted completely. This is useful if you
started vlmcsd with an ini file. You can modify the ini file
while vlmcsd is running and then sending SIGHUP, e.g. by typing
"killall -SIGHUP vlmcsd" or "kill -SIGHUP `cat /var/run/vlm‐
csd.pid`".
The SIGHUP handler has been implemented relatively simple. It is
virtually the same as stopping vlmcsd and starting it again
virtually the same as stopping vlmcsd and starting it again
immediately with the following exceptions:
— The new process does not get a new process id.
— If you used a pid file, it is not deleted and recreated
— If you used a pid file, it is not deleted and recreated
because the process id stays the same.
— If you used the 'user' and/or 'group' directive in an ini
file these are ignored. This is because once you switched to
— If you used the 'user' and/or 'group' directive in an ini
file these are ignored. This is because once you switched to
lower privileged users and groups, there is no way back. Any‐
thing else would be a severe security flaw in the OS.
Signaling is not available in the native Windows version and in the
Signaling is not available in the native Windows version and in the
Cygwin version when it runs as Windows service.
SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS
vlmcsd compiles and runs on Linux, Windows (no Cygwin required but
explicitly supported), Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly
BSD, Minix, Solaris, OpenIndiana, Android and iOS. Other POSIX or
unixoid OSses may work with unmodified sources or may require minor
vlmcsd compiles and runs on Linux, Windows (no Cygwin required but
explicitly supported), Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly
BSD, Minix, Solaris, OpenIndiana, Android and iOS. Other POSIX or
unixoid OSses may work with unmodified sources or may require minor
porting efforts.
SUPPORTED PRODUCTS
vlmcsd can answer activation requests for the following products: Win‐
dows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows
Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows
Server 2012 R2, Office 2010, Project 2010, Visio 2010, Office 2013,
vlmcsd can answer activation requests for the following products: Win‐
dows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows
Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows
Server 2012 R2, Office 2010, Project 2010, Visio 2010, Office 2013,
Project 2013, Visio 2013, Office 2016, Project 2016, Visio 2016.
Office, Project and Visio must be volume license versions.
@@ -476,24 +478,24 @@ FILES
EXAMPLES
vlmcsd -f
Starts vlmcsd in foreground. Useful if you use it for the first
time and want to see what's happening when a client requests
Starts vlmcsd in foreground. Useful if you use it for the first
time and want to see what's happening when a client requests
activation.
vlmcsd -l /var/log/vlmcsd.log
Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and logs everything to /var/log/vlm‐
Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and logs everything to /var/log/vlm‐
csd.log.
vlmcsd -L 192.168.1.17
Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and listens on IP address 192.168.1.17
only. This is useful for routers that have a public and a pri‐
only. This is useful for routers that have a public and a pri‐
vate IP address to prevent your KMS server from becoming public.
vlmcsd -s -U /n -l C:\logs\vlmcsd.log
Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service with low privileges and
Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service with low privileges and
logs everything to C:\logs\vlmcsd.log when the service is
started with "net start vlmcsd".
@@ -501,18 +503,18 @@ EXAMPLES
BUGS
An ePID specified in an ini file must not contain spaces.
The maximum number of -L options in the command line or listen state‐
The maximum number of -L options in the command line or listen state‐
ments in the inifile is the platform default for FD_SETSIZE. This is 64
on Windows and 1024 on most Unixes.
AUTHOR
Written by crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contributions from
Written by crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contributions from
DougQaid.
CREDITS
Thanks to CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87, qad, Rati‐
Thanks to CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87, qad, Rati‐
borus, ...
@@ -521,4 +523,4 @@ SEE ALSO
Hotbird64 September 2015 VLMCSD(8)
Hotbird64 June 2016 VLMCSD(8)